By the time I got back, everyone was dead.
"by the time" is used to indicate an event that occured before another event, saying that is happened before, but "people being dead" isn't an event, but a state, so what does "by the time" mean here?
an event that occu rr ed before another event Take the word "event" loosely. Probably "situation", which includes actions, activities, events, and states, is a better way of saying it. Situation 1.
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an event that occurred before another event
Take the word "event" loosely. Probably "situation", which includes actions, activities, events, and states, is a better way of saying it.
Situation 1. I got back.
Situation 2. Everyone was dead.
Situation 2 occurred before Situation 1.
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