By the summer of 1898, he had 10,000 dollars.
In this sentence, does "by" mean "at"? So it means that at the summer of 1989, the person had 10,000 dollars?
In this sentence, does "by" mean "at"? So it means that at the summer of 1989, the person had 10,000 dollars? " Well, yes, but it means more than that.
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In this sentence, does "by" mean "at"? So it means that at the summer of 1989, the person had 10,000 dollars?
"So it means that in the summer of 1989, the person had 10,000 dollars?"
Well, yes, but it means more than that. It means that he accumulated the money over time until he had that much when that summer rolled around.
"at the summer" is not idiomatic; we would instead say it another way, such as "in the summer". The difference between "at/in" and "by" is that the former refers to one point in time, whereas the latter suggests a process or progression leading up to a point in time. Thus, in your example, "by" suggests that his wealth increased over the preceding months/years, so as to reach the amount of $10