Both conflicts

Does the highlighted "both conflicts" mean "the first and second world wars" or "warm and cold wars"?

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The Cold War is a term used to describe the long period in global history in which actual conflict was remarkably absent (hence ‘cold’). In essence it was the political and economic struggle between the capitalist, democratic western powers and the Soviet Union (and later other Communist nations) after the Second World War. It was marked by massive military build-ups (including nuclear weaponry) on each side, intensive economic competition, and strained, hostile diplomatic relations. Like the Vietnam War, the Cold War produced a considerable amount of anti-war art, but on both sides of the Atlantic. Much of its expression parallels that of the anti-Vietnam War era. Several artists revived the mocking photomontage techniques that had characterized aspects of post- First World War anti-war art. Artists such as the American Barbara Kruger used text and imagery in the Rosler manner, as in We Don’t Need Another Hero (1987), which juxtaposes the words with a young boy flexing his arm muscles in front of an admiring girl. Many artists also expressed their objections to both conflicts utilizing the tools of the new abstract movements that had taken root in the western world in the aftermath of the Second World War.