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NL888 Posted 12 years ago
Grammar
Before being cleared?
1) What does "before being cleared" mean?
2) Does "received as many sugar pellets -- but never together" mean "received as many sugar pellets as they want-- but the researchers never gave all the pellets at one time"?
Context:
In this study, rats were trained to associate a sound tone with the availability of sugar pellets in their feed ports. This same animal model has been used to make most discoveries about how human dopamine neurons work since the 1990s, and most approved drugs that affect the dopamine system (e.g. L-Dopa for Parkinson's) were tested in it before being cleared for human trials.
To separate the effects of memory-related brain changes from those arising from the pleasure of the eating itself, the rats were separated into three groups. Rats in the "CS+" rats got sugar pellets each time they heard a sound cue. The "CS-" group heard the sound the same number of times and received as many sugar pellets -- but never together. A third tone-only group heard the sounds but never received sugar rewards.
More:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130825171530.htm
2) Does "received as many sugar pellets -- but never together" mean "received as many sugar pellets as they want-- but the researchers never gave all the pellets at one time"?
Context:
In this study, rats were trained to associate a sound tone with the availability of sugar pellets in their feed ports. This same animal model has been used to make most discoveries about how human dopamine neurons work since the 1990s, and most approved drugs that affect the dopamine system (e.g. L-Dopa for Parkinson's) were tested in it before being cleared for human trials.
To separate the effects of memory-related brain changes from those arising from the pleasure of the eating itself, the rats were separated into three groups. Rats in the "CS+" rats got sugar pellets each time they heard a sound cue. The "CS-" group heard the sound the same number of times and received as many sugar pellets -- but never together. A third tone-only group heard the sounds but never received sugar rewards.
More:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130825171530.htm
Top answer
1 : Cleared = officially approved. 2 : It means the CS- received as many (= the same number of) sugar pellets as the CS+ received. d
- 1 : Cleared = officially approved.
- 2 : It means the CS- received as many (= the same number of) sugar pellets as the CS+ received.
- d
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3 Answers
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1 : Cleared = officially approved.
2 : It means the CS- received as many (= the same number of) sugar pellets as the CS+ received.
d
2 : It means the CS- received as many (= the same number of) sugar pellets as the CS+ received.
d
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I think it means that the sugar was never given at the same time as the sound, unlike the first group where sound and sugar happened at the same time.
d
d
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