Based on

Hi Taka:
I would interpret this as a adverbial dependent clause. It answers the question: How do we see?

A-s

Does your 'dependent' mean 'dependent on the main clause'?

Yes. The clause is not a main clause; it cannot stand alone as a sentence.

TakaWe see reality based on what we believe to be true, not necessarily on what is true.About 'based on' above, does it modify 'reality', the noun in front? Or is it a kind of dangler?

based on what we believe to be true is how we see (reality), so it's adverbial. You can think of it as by basing our judgment on what we believe to be t

Good. And what about this one?

Discrimination is the denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership.

I think here 'based on' modifies 'the denial (of equal treatment to individuals)'.

So 'based on' can be used either as adjectival or as adverbial?

TakaI think here 'based on' modifies 'the denial (of equal treatment to individuals)'.

Yes.

TakaSo 'based on' can be used either as adjectival or as adverbial?

Yes. Why not?

CJ

So when we use 'based on' as adverbial, we don't have to worry about the sense subject agreement thing as in reduced adverbial phrases?

That's correct. You don't have to worry about that.

CJ

OK.

For your information, I found that it was pointed out here that the adverbial usage of 'based on' is a classic dangler:



and Amy said it was an acceptable dangler here:

CalifJimThat's correct. You don't have to worry about that.CJ

Actually, that never keeps me awake at night, either.