There is no single set way. There are a number of noun suffixes ( -ion, -ment, -ing, -y , etc) and adjective suffixes ( -ive, -ic, -al , etc), and many verbs don't change to nouns, or remain the same as nouns, or change to nouns in an irregular way. It is best to check your dictionary: the various parts of speech will often be near each other, since they usually begin with the same root.
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