As past participle

Question

1. As expected, the project went well.2. As discussed, in the meeting in this morning, they will arrive at your office at noon on Friday, June 26th.3. You can't do anything about your chronological age, but it might be possible to turn back the clock on "biological age," a small new study suggests. The study found that a drug regimen appeared to reverse biological age, as measured by changes to DNA that accumulate as we get older.In each sentence 1,2,3, it looks like "as expected, as discussed, as measured" are used to refer to "the project went well", "in the meeting....June 26th", "A drug regimen...biological age".Am I right? I think it's sure that as for 1, "as expected" refers to "the project went well" in this way that "as expected" implies "as it(=the project went well" was expected".But as for 3, I'm not sure whether "as measured" refers to "a drug...biological age" or only "biological age".It seems like in 3, "as" is used like "which".By the way, on second thoughts, in 3, "as" is used to refer to "biological age" like "which".

CalifJim · Accepted Answer

fire11. As expected, the project went well.

~ The project went well (and that was expected).

where 'that' is 'the fact that the project went well'.

fire12. As discussed [no comma] in the meeting in this morning, they will arrive at your office at noon on Friday, June 26th.

They will arrive ... (and that was discussed in the meeting this morning).

where 'that' is 'the fact that they will arrive ... June 26th'.

fire13. ... The study found that a drug regimen appeared to reverse biological age, as measured by changes to DNA that accumulate as we get older.

The study ... biological age, where biological age is measured by changes to DNA that ....

fire1
In each sentence 1,2,3, it looks like "as expected, as discussed, as measured" are used to refer to "the project went well", "in the meeting....June 26th", "A drug regimen...biological age".
Am I right?
I think it's sure that as for 1, "as expected" refers to "the project went well" in this way that "as expected" implies "as it(=the project went well" was expected".
But as for 3, I'm not sure whether "as measured" refers to "a drug...biological age" or only "biological age".
It seems like in 3, "as" is used like "which".
By the way, on second thoughts, in 3, "as" is used to refer to "biological age" like "which".

See my comments above.

You seem to change your mind a few times during the course of your post. Try to collect your thoughts before you write your post so you present one coherent message.

CJ

Anonymous · Answer

fire1
I think it's sure that as for 1, "as expected" refers to "the project went well" in this way that "as expected" implies "as it(=the project went well" was expected".
But as for 3, I'm not sure whether "as measured" refers to "a drug...biological age" or only "biological age".
It seems like in 3, "as" is used like "which".

1. As expected, the project went well.

You have a lot of questions enough to fill an hour of discussion. First of all, phrases like "as expected, he is late again" are dependent phrasal verbs with passive connotations. The answer to your question is, yes.

2. As discussed, in the meeting in this morning, they will arrive at your office at noon on Friday, June 26th.

This is not a natural sentence in my opinion, though grammatical. I would rephrase it as follows: As (we had) discussed in the morning meeting, they are expected to arrive at your office (at 10 am) on Friday June 26th.

3. You can't do anything about your chronological age, but it might be possible to turn back the clock on "biological age," a small new study suggests. The study found that a drug regimen appeared to reverse biological age, as measured by changes to DNA that accumulate as we get older.

This paragraph also has word choice and structural issues, as highlighted in red. This is apparently a medical journalistic writing but the way it was written was shown otherwise.

Revised: We can't do anything about our natural aging process, but a recent study conducted by a small pharmaceutical lab has shown promise that it may be possible to turn back our biological clock. In this study, a regimen of drugs was used on a group of test subjects. The result, as monitored by measuring the changes in the DNA has shown promising signs of reversing aging.

As past participle

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