It's kind of hard to explain, but I'll give it a shot. "permission" is, at least usually, a 'non-count' noun -- therefore "a permission" is rather out of the question. "the permission" would have to refer to a specific kind/instance of permission, the one that was necessary, without even telling the reader what it was for: I finally got the permission I needed.
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DibI am confused. How is permission a non count noun while "question" is count? We say "He asked his father a question" and not just "question" so why we say "he asked his father permission to leave school"?Yes, we can count 'questions', but why would you count 'permissions' in this context? Perhaps you could in the context of "file/user permissions" but that
DibI asked my father for permissionThe standard combination is "ask for permission", without 'a' or 'the'.
DibWhy not and THE local papers ... ?That would also be correct. The difference is negligible.