1-- Yes, they still reacted to some sort of formal or informal test. 2-- I have NO idea-- can you give us more context? 3-- I'd say a noun used as an adjective, but I see that M-W calls it a noun: "2 : a distinguishing characteristic or feature firmly associated with a person or thing <wearing his trademark bow tie and derby hat>".
New words, one handy idiom, and a 2-minute quiz — delivered to your inbox to keep your streak alive.