Hi.
We are having a hard time keeping up with the Joneses.
What's the form and function of the underlined part?
A non-finite ing -clause (or non-finite noun clause) - form. A direct object complement - function.
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A non-finite ing-clause (or non-finite noun clause) - form.
A direct object complement - function.
We are having a hard time keeping up with the Joneses.
"A hard time" is object of "have", but the subordinate gerund-participial clause is not an objective predicative complement; rather, it is a second complement of "have".