1. ... in listening, writing, and comprehending that are essential in their studies. -- Here, I think the underlined part is concerned (modifying??) all three "listening", "writing" and "comprehending."
2. ... in listening, writing or comprehending that is essential for them to have a firm grip on in order to succeed. -- Here, I think the three nouns "listening", "writing" and "comprehending" are treated as discrete (different?) nouns and the underlined part is concerned with (modifying?) each of the three separately. Also, would you say there is a slight possibility the sentence part given could be seen as this (a comma being treated as the conjunction "and")?
... in listening and writing or comprehending that is essential for them to have a firm grip on in order to succeed.
Top answer
Hi, Can you please show us the full sentence in each case? Thank you, Clive
— Clive
Hi, Can you please show us the full sentence in each case?
Thank you, Clive
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What main question deals with is a series of nouns (possibly three or more) that are connected with commas with the last two nouns connected with the either conjunction "and" or "or," and the series is also followed by a restrictive clause. Also, since I think if the part underlined were in the pattern of "writing, speaking and listening for detail," it would also make sense for th