ex1) Afterwards, the students' grades and academic success improved, suggesting an increase in their achievement motivation.
ex2) Afterwards, the students' grades and academic success improved and it suggested an increase in their achievement motivation.
Q. A coordinate conjunction 'and' and a pronoun 'it' are omitted in ex1). How does it happen?
I think the pronoun 'it' refers to the preceding sentence (the students' grades and academic success improved)
ex1) Afterwards, the students' grades and academic success improved, suggesting an increase in their achievement motivation. A coordinating conjunction would be used if two sentences ( independent clauses ) were being joined. " Afterwards, the students' grades and academic success improved " is certainly a sentence /independent clause, but " suggesting an increase in their achievement motivation" is not .
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ex1) Afterwards, the students' grades and academic success improved, suggesting an increase in their achievement motivation.