A belief that splitting the infinitive is wrong may be behind the "to describe carefully" choice. The other possible choice for people who adhere to that belief, "Ask the man carefully to describe what he saw", seems unsatisfactory due to potential ambiguity. For those (like me) who don't care about split infinitives, "Ask the man to carefully describe what he saw" seems a better sentence.
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GtkWe don’t put adverbs between the verb and the objectThis is usually true. English is quite peculiar in this respect. Even when there is no possibility of misunderstanding or ambiguity caused by an adverb between the main verb and the object, it is no