Only d) and b) are correct. 'Reached' is a transitive verb - it has to have an object. You can't just 'reach', you have to 'reach something'. (Actually, you can 'reach for something' but that's a different meaning of the word 'reach', meaning to stretch to grasp something…).
So in this meaning, it needs an object, so a), c) and e) don't make sense because there's no object. d) is