"But" is a conjunction. r=66 It is a very old-fashioned writing style. It sounds Victorian to me.
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park sang joonI think the clause "There was not a line in her countenance, not a note in her soft and sleepy voice," is the independent clauseCorrect. "and" is omitted, but it is understood. ... not a line ... and not a note .... Or, as you wrote it later in your post, ... not a line ... or a note ..., which is the logical equivalent.