A Problem Between That clause & (Gerunds/Infinitives)

Hello everyone,
In some sentences when i translate from my native language to English it's so hard to tell the differences between (That clause) and (Gerunds/Infinitives) grammatically.
It's possible to translate some sentences in two different ways.
From Turkish to English
1. (Onun aglamasi) [beni uzdu.]
1a. (Her crying) [made me sad.]1b. (It) [made me sad] (that she cried.) For what reasons i have to choosethe sentence 1a or 1b ?
There is generally a grammatical clue in the sentences,for instance i can't translate the sentence below with a "That clause"
2.Yuzmek mukemmel bir spordur.
2a.Swimming is a great sport.2b.(Not possible with "that clause")
"Yuz(mek)"--> When i see this part in the sentence i know that i should use the "Gerunds/Infinitives"
or
3.Masum olduguna inaniyorum.
3a.(Not possible with "Gerund/Infinitive")3b.I believe that he is innocent.
When i see "Ol(dugu)na" i know that i have to use "That clause" and i can't use "Gerunds/Infinitives" to translate.
But in the first example there is no grammatical clue in the sentence .I don't know which one i should choose.
When should i choose (That clause) instead of (Gerunds/Infinitives)? What are the differences between them ?
If you look at English to Turkish translation you can see more clearly that (1b) is not just grammatically similar to (1a). They're grammatically identical after the translation(4a,5a).
From English to Turkish
4.Her crying made me sad.4a.Onun aglamasi beni uzdu.
5.It made me sad that she cried.5a.Onun aglamasi beni uzdu.

Can you please add as much details as possible ? This is my white whale.

Every little bit helps. Thank you...